Health outcomes research

RWE/ Observational studies focused on collecting information on pathologies or conditions, medicines, or medical devices in real clinical practice:

• Cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective design.
• Evaluation of:
  • Patient-reported outcomes (PROs): health-related quality of life, adherence, satisfaction.
  • Clinical outcomes/ effectiveness.
  • Use of healthcare resources and costs.

Preference studies:

• Discrete choice experiment, Best-Worst scaling, Ranking-based conjoint
• Assessment of:
  • Preferences (relative importance) for the characteristics of the treatment, health product, or health intervention.
  • Differences and similarities in preferences between different stakeholders
  • Factors (socio-demographic, clinical, resource use) that may influence preferences.

Development and/or validation of instruments to measure PROs:

• • Develop and validate questionnaires that measure PROs in a population with needs not covered by current tools.
  • Validation in the Spanish population of questionnaires developed in other countries.

Perception studies of different stakeholders:

• • Online survey design.
  • Aimed at patients, healthcare professionals, and/or managers.
  • Invitation from Patients’ Associations, Scientific Societies, external panels, or clients.
  • Collection of information on the perception of each group concerning the topic of interest.

Tools to aid shared doctor-patient decision-making:

• • Interventions to improve the patient’s knowledge of the therapeutic or diagnostic alternatives available.
  • They help the patient to make decisions together with the medical team.
  • Particularly useful when there is uncertainty between different therapeutic or diagnostic options.
  • Development of contents according to recommendations.

Development or adaptation of health outcomes catalogs:

• • Set of health outcomes variables (clinical or PROs), their instruments, and periodicity of collection for the patient’s follow-up with pathology or condition.
  • Adaptation from ICHOM standard set or de novo development.
  • For the development phase, consensus techniques are used, considering patients, health professionals, and managers.
  • There is the option to carry out the implementation phase.

Patient Support Programmes (PSP):

• • Personalised solutions provide patients with the tools to optimise disease management and improve their knowledge, helping to achieve better health outcomes.
  • We provide support in PSP design, information collection, and/or analysis of the data collected.

Generation of evidence:

• • Systematic and narrative literature review
  • Critical analysis of the evidence
  • Meta-analysis
  • Indirect comparisons